Antigen vs Antibody
The
core understanding of immunology, as well as some aspects of
microbiology, pathology, and dermatology is based on the understanding
of the core concepts of antibody and antigen reactions. These are the
building blocks of vast bases for knowledge and newly developing
technologies to combat varied amounts of diseases. Antigens and
antibodies can be viewed now in action, and they have become markers of
investigation, to ascertain the diagnosis, as well as to assess the
severity of the condition.
Antigen
An antigen is a substance that on
introduction to the body creates a cascade of activities prompting an
immune response. These substances can be molecules, like proteins or
cells like bacteria. They are usually made up of proteins and
polysaccharides. There are two main varieties of antigens. One is the
self antigen and the other is non self antigen. Usually, the self
antigens do not provoke reaction from the immune system, but they can
usually lead to an immune response as detailed in autoimmune diseases.
Each antigen has an epitope, or an area on the antigen that reacts with
the other components or the histo compatibility area. This area acts as a
key to lock in the antibody.
Antibody
An antibody is a varied size protein
molecule, which is present in the blood and secretions, and acts upon
the antigens to produce the ultimate resolution of inactivation or
destruction. These are produced from B cells, which become
differentiated into plasma cells as a response to the immune system.
These proteins are usually “Y” shaped particles, and the two hands of
the “Y” contain paratopes or locks on the antibody, which is attached to
the key of the epitope of antigens. There are main five subclasses,
which differs from each other due to the number of heavy and light
chains. They also differ in their functions as to the location, trans
placental transportation and to write another spooky episode.
What is the difference between Antibody and Antigen?
• Both antigen and antibody are paramount for immunology. Both partake in autoimmune diseases and the end result is the same.
• Both antigens and antibodies are
microscopic particles, and contain proteins. Antigens has combinations
from polysaccharides as well, whereas antibodies are purely made up of
proteins.
• Antigens can be cells, but antibodies are never cells.
• Antigens act as the key, whereas the antibodies act as the lock.
• There are mainly two types of antigens, which are self and non self.
• Antibodies are made of five main
subcategories according to the proteins constructs. Depending on the
permissive nature, it projects aspects of the antibody like placental
transference, secretion, etc.
Thus, consider the antigen or the
causative particle, as a key to lock on the antibody or the disease
fighter. The key can take several forms, but the epitope has to be the
same as the paratrope.
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