Difference Between Antigen and Pathogen ?

Antigen vs Pathogen  

In our daily life, we are exposed to different substances. Even though most of the people, most of the time, are healthy and have the ability to do their daily activities, sometimes, some of them fall sick or get illness, which is caused by pathogens.

Pathogens are any foreign organisms that cause diseases in host plants and animals; e.g. virus and bacteria. Antigen is a molecule located in the cell wall of bacteria or the coating of organisms. Antigen causes our immune system to produce the antibody against it and protect our body from harmful foreign organisms.

What is Antigen?

Originally the term Antigen came from Antibody generator. It may be any substance, which comes from the environment or forms within the body. Generally, antigens are protein and polysaccharide (capsule, coats, cell wall, and flagella) located in the cell walls of bacteria or in the coating of other organisms. It causes our immune system to produce the antibody against it. Antibody is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize the foreign particles like bacteria and viruses. Basically, antigens are categorized as self-antigen and non-self-antigen. Self-antigens are tolerated by the immune system while the non-self-antigens are identified as invaders and can be attacked by the immune system. Non self-antigens include egg white, pollen from the organs, and transplanted tissues.

At the molecular level, an antibody has the antigen binding site, in which, the antigen has the ability to bind. These triggers the response of different antibodies based on its match like a lock and key. An Immunogenic is an example for a specific type of antigen which is able to induce the immune response. The two types of antigens are exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous antigens enter the body from outside. E.g. by ingestion or inhalation. These are taken into the antigen present cells by endocytosis and then exocytosis process it into fragments. Endogenous forms within the normal cells by cell metabolism or viral intracellular bacterial infection.

What is Pathogen?

Pathogens are easily called as infectious agents. We contact pathogens in our daily life. These are microorganisms that cause diseases in host plants and animals; e.g. virus, bacteria, and fungi. Not all microbes are harmful; pathogens refer specifically to the ones that can cause disease in the host. The human body also contains helpful bacteria, which is called good bacteria. It may be destroyed by chemotherapy or HIV.

Pathogen transmission occurs in many ways such as fecal-oral route, body fluid, through blood, breast milk, direct or indirect contact.

Nowadays, there are many medical advances available against infection by pathogens like use of vaccination, antibiotics, and fungicide. Mostly Pathogens are negative but not all. Pathogens serve as natural or biological control, to suppress the arthropod pest populations.

The types of pathogens are viral, bacterial, fungal, other parasites, and prionic; e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosi (a causative agent for most tuberculosis) and Fungs (affect athlete’s feet).

What is the difference between Antigen and Pathogen?

• Pathogen is an organism but antigen is not an organism, it is a molecule located in the cell wall of bacteria or the coating of other microorganism.

• Pathogen is a harmful organism that causes disease in its host.

• Antigen triggers the response of difference kind of antibodies based on its match like a lock and key hypothesis.

• Pathogen refers to any foreign organism, which is not part of the body, and presents inside the body, mainly in the blood stream, but antigen is a part of the body.

• Pathogens serve as biological controller but antigen doesn’t.

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Difference Between Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity ?

Humoral vs Cell Mediated Immunity

 

Immunity is the ability of an organism to defend against pathogens and toxins and to avoid infections and diseases. This is basically provided by the immune system, which is composed primarily of individual cells spread throughout the body, rather than forming into organs. The immune system has two broad branches; innate and adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity is also known as the specific immunity, which provides pathogen- specific immunity in vertebrates. Adaptive immune system is basically composed of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte cells. According to the composition of the adaptive system, it can be further divided into two categories; humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. The adaptive immunity is very special as it is present only in vertebrates, and is able to recognize different foreign antigens in a very precise way.

What is Humoral Immunity?

Humoral immunity is also known as antibody-mediated immunity. It is mediated by antibody molecules secreted by the B- lymphocyte cells that can neutralize specific pathogens outside the cells. B-cells are bone marrow derived, and each cell makes only one kind of antibody which specifically reacts on a particular pathogen. Antibody diversity is generated by DNA rearrangement. These antibodies can directly neutralize viruses. For certain pathogens, the antibodies bind to target the cells and signal phagocytes or other white blood cells or other defense mechanisms to attack them.

What is Cell Mediated Immunity?

Cell mediated immunity is mediated by T-cell antigen receptors made by thymus-derived T-cells. As the name implies, T-cells themselves specifically bind with the antigens, instead of releasing the receptors from the cell body. Each T-cell makes only one kind of T-cell antigen receptor. T-cell receptor is composed of four proteins, namely, two large (α) and two small (β) chains. Each chain has constant and variable regions. The variable regions determine the specificity of the receptor toward a particular pathogen while the variable regions project outside helping to bind the T-cells to the antigen cell. The cell- mediated immune system is important as it eliminates tumor cells before they can grow and spread very much. This process is known as ‘immunological surveillance’. Also, when a tissue from an unrelated individual is introduced into another individual, this immune system will respond and kill the transplanted tissue immediately.

What is the difference between Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity?

• Humoral immunity is mediated by B- cells while cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T-cells.
• In the humoral immunity, the B-cells secrete antibodies whereas in the cell-mediated immunity, the T-cells do not secrete receptors. T-cell receptors are bound to the T-cells and the cells themselves bind with antigens.
• The humoral immunity is more important to eliminate soluble antigens and to destroy extracellular microorganisms while the cell-mediated immunity is more important to eliminate intracellular organisms (such as viruses).
• The antibodies are used in the humoral immunity whereas the receptors are used in the cell-mediated immunity to defend against pathogens.
• Unlike in the cell-mediated immunity, the antigens are destroyed by B-cell antibodies outside the B-cells in the humoral immunity.

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Difference Between O Positive and O Negative ?

O Positive vs O Negative

 

Human blood can be classified into four different types of groups according to the antigen in the cell surface of the red blood cells. In 1900, Landsteiner found the two types of antigens called type A and B. So, the surface of red blood cells of a person can have either antigen A or B or neither of them. According to these discoveries blood was classified into four groups such as A, B, AB, or O (Verma and Agarwal, 2005). When deciding the ABO blood system, another important determinant is the antibodies, which is in the serum of the blood. As an example; if the red blood cell surface has the type A antigen, the serum of the blood contains the antibodies against type B red blood cells and vice versa. The ABO blood system is inherited through three alleles in chromosome 09 and alleles I^A (A), I^B (B), and ii (O) are inherited to the second generation from each parent. One parent has only two of these three alleles. Alleles I^A and I^B are dominant over ii (O).

Another system used to group the blood is Rh (Rhesus) blood group system. The presence or absence of the Rh antigen on the cell membrane of the red blood cells determines the positive or negative condition of the blood.  Rh gene encodes for the two different antigens C and c, E and e with D, but for the positive or negative condition of the blood type, only D antigen is important. In the transfusion, Rh positive blood is given to Rh negative person, and that causes an incompatibility, but not in the first time. Immune system produces Rh antigens in Rh negative person’s body and the next transfusion of Rh positive blood will cause destruction of blood cells.

O Positive Blood

O positive blood type is determined by the alleles of ii. It lacks the antigens in the red blood cell surface. However, O blood group people have both anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies in the plasma, that act against type A blood and type B blood. Usually an O blood group person can receive blood from an individual who has only O blood group. If the receiver has O positive blood, then donor can be O positive or O negative. O positive individual can give blood only to persons having A positive, B positive, AB positive, or O positive blood.

O Negative Blood

Type O negative blood is determined by the same alleles that determine the O positive blood; i.e. ii, and it lacks Rh factor and both anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. So, type O negative can be given safely to all blood groups, type A positive and negative, B positive and negative etc. So, it can be considered as universal donor.

What is the difference between O Positive and O Negative?

• The main difference between O positive and O negative is that O positive blood has Rh factor on their cell membrane of the red blood cell, whereas O negative does not.
• Type O positive has antibodies; it has both anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies in the plasma that act against type A blood and type B blood, whereas O negative Blood lacks it.
• Type O positive blood can be given only to persons having A positive, B positive, AB positive, and O positive blood, while O negative person can donate blood to any person.
• Type O negative blood can be considered as universal donor whereas O positive cannot. So at emergency cases, anyone can be given O negative blood.

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Difference Between Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions ?

Precipitation vs Agglutination Reaction

Treatment of infectious diseases is dependent upon their correct diagnosis. Antigen-antibody reactions are techniques using which antigens and antibodies are measured. Among these antigen-antibody reactions, serological reactions are in vitro reactions that are most popular methods for diagnosis of diseases and for identification of antigens and antibodies. Precipitation reactions and agglutination reactions are some of the common examples of these serological reactions. There are differences in these tests that will be explained in this article.

Mixing of antibodies with their matching antigens on a surface such as animal cell, erythrocytes, or bacteria results in antibodies cross linking the particles forming visible clumps. This reaction is termed as agglutination. This serological reaction is very similar to precipitation reaction though both are highly specific depending upon specific antibody and antigen pair. The main difference between these two serological reactions pertains to the size of antigens. In the case of precipitation, antigens are soluble molecules while in the case of agglutination; antigens are large, insoluble molecules.

Another difference between precipitation and agglutination is that agglutination reaction is more sensitive than precipitation reaction because a lot of soluble antigens and antibody molecules are required to form a visible precipitation reaction. However, it is possible to make a precipitation reaction sensitive by converting it into agglutination reaction. This can be achieved by attaching soluble antigens to large, inert carriers such as erythrocytes or latex beads. In clinical medicine, agglutination reactions have many applications. They can be used to type blood cells for transfusion, for identification of bacterial cultures and to detect the presence of a specific antibody in the serum of the patient. Agglutination is primary used to check if a patient has a bacterial infection or not.

Agglutination reaction vs Precipitation reaction

• Agglutination reaction and precipitation reaction have great importance in immunology as they are serological reactions that help in the detection of bacterial infection in the serum of a patient.

• Major difference between precipitation and agglutination is the size of antigens involved.

• Antigens are soluble in case of precipitation while they are insoluble in agglutination

• Agglutination is more sensitive than precipitation.

 

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Difference Between Antigen and Antibody ?

Antigen vs Antibody

The core understanding of immunology, as well as some aspects of microbiology, pathology, and dermatology is based on the understanding of the core concepts of antibody and antigen reactions. These are the building blocks of vast bases for knowledge and newly developing technologies to combat varied amounts of diseases. Antigens and antibodies can be viewed now in action, and they have become markers of investigation, to ascertain the diagnosis, as well as to assess the severity of the condition.

Antigen

An antigen is a substance that on introduction to the body creates a cascade of activities prompting an immune response. These substances can be molecules, like proteins or cells like bacteria. They are usually made up of proteins and polysaccharides. There are two main varieties of antigens. One is the self antigen and the other is non self antigen. Usually, the self antigens do not provoke reaction from the immune system, but they can usually lead to an immune response as detailed in autoimmune diseases. Each antigen has an epitope, or an area on the antigen that reacts with the other components or the histo compatibility area. This area acts as a key to lock in the antibody.

Antibody

An antibody is a varied size protein molecule, which is present in the blood and secretions, and acts upon the antigens to produce the ultimate resolution of inactivation or destruction. These are produced from B cells, which become differentiated into plasma cells as a response to the immune system. These proteins are usually “Y” shaped particles, and the two hands of the “Y” contain paratopes or locks on the antibody, which is attached to the key of the epitope of antigens. There are main five subclasses, which differs from each other due to the number of heavy and light chains. They also differ in their functions as to the location, trans placental transportation and to write another spooky episode.

What is the difference between Antibody and Antigen?

• Both antigen and antibody are paramount for immunology. Both partake in autoimmune diseases and the end result is the same.

• Both antigens and antibodies are microscopic particles, and contain proteins. Antigens has combinations from polysaccharides as well, whereas antibodies are purely made up of proteins.

• Antigens can be cells, but antibodies are never cells.

• Antigens act as the key, whereas the antibodies act as the lock.

• There are mainly two types of antigens, which are self and non self.

• Antibodies are made of five main subcategories according to the proteins constructs. Depending on the permissive nature, it projects aspects of the antibody like placental transference, secretion, etc.

Thus, consider the antigen or the causative particle, as a key to lock on the antibody or the disease fighter. The key can take several forms, but the epitope has to be the same as the paratrope.

 

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Difference Between Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ?

Smooth vs Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  SER vs RER
 

Cell is the basic functional unit of life, and it is composed of few organelles inside. Endoplasmic reticulum is one of the very important structures in a cell, and there are two major types of it known as smooth and rough. Endoplasmic reticulum is often abbreviated as ER; hence, smooth type is denoted as SER and the rough type is symbolized as RER. There are interesting differences in structures and functions between these two types and, this article summarizes most of those.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is named because of its smooth surface. The surface is smooth because there are no ribosomes. The structure of SER is a branching network of tubules and vesicles. These networks structures are important to facilitate newly synthesized proteins to be folded correctly. In addition, it contributes to maintain the volume of a cell at a certain level.

Usually, the location that SER is mostly found is close to the nuclear envelope. SER plays important roles in many cellular metabolic processes in a cell such as lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate breakdown, and regulating the calcium levels. Additionally, the detoxification of drugs and steroid metabolism have also been performed with SER in cells. SER assists the cellular functions such as gluconeogenesis with the presence of glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. The network structure provides an increased surface area to store and put into effect some important enzymes. The products of those processes are also stored inside the SER structures. SER has been proven for its importance to attach receptors on proteins in the cell membrane. Furthermore, SER functions differently depending on the type of tissue, but above mentioned functions are usual at most of the times.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is the ER with ribosomes present on the surface. Because of the presence of ribosomes, the whole structure appears rough, and it is so named. Ribosomes are attached to the surface with ribophorin, a glycoprotein receptor. In addition, this binding is not permanent, but it keeps bound and released always, except while a protein is being synthesized where the ribosome is always bound to ER.

The structure of RER is a large network of tubules and vesicles. It should be noted that the RER surface is connected with the nuclear envelope or in other words, it looks like an extension of the nuclear envelope. The basic functions of RER include the facilitation of sites to synthesize protein, a reserve of cell membranes, and formation of lysosome enzymes. In addition, its structure contributes to maintain the stability to the body of the cell.

What is the difference between Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

• RER has ribosomes on the surface but, not in SER. Therefore, RER is observed as rough while SER as smooth in the microscope.

• SER is attached to the nuclear envelope while RER is continuous with the nuclear envelope.

• RER contributes for the protein synthesis more than SER does.

• RER mainly functions as providing home for ribosomes to produce, whereas SER serves several other functions such as detoxification, metabolism, and steroid synthesis.

• The structure of RER is larger than SER.

• RER is a reserve of cell membranes, as it provides extra cell membrane portions whenever is needed, but SER does not often do it.

 

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Difference Between Radiation and Chemotherapy ?

Chemotherapy vs Radiotherapy

Cancer was once known to be the most incurable disease. It is usually caused by some malfunctioning of the cells inside the human body. There are so many external and internal causes for this disease. As the time moves on, the solutions to the problems are given by the professionals in this field. The two kinds of solutions given for cancer are the chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The two processes are very different in nature and depending on the level of disease, one of the two treatments is recommended for the cancer patients.

Chemotherapy is that kind of treatment for cancer patients that uses the chemicals in the process. The result of this treatment causes the unwanted cells to be damaged by the use of the chemicals. It is true that the drugs used in the treatment gives a favorable response, but they might cause damage to some normal cells as well. It is ideal to use this treatment for those patients who could discover their disease at early stage, because the drugs positively affect to the roots causing the growth of the tumors at this stage. This therapy fails in the situations where the problem is diagnosed at later phases and when the drugs are unable to cope with the growing number of cancer cell activities. The side effects includes the damage to the hairs of the body, fatigue, the darkening of the skin color, reduction in the blood platelets and the swelling in the digestive system of the body. Two other types include the treatment by using chemicals at the time when the disease is diagnosed at the earlier stages and secondly when it is cured and the treatment is repeated for the preventive care.

The radiotherapy is also used for the treatment of this disease. But the process of the treatment is in such a way that the use of rays is done during the process instead of using chemicals. The main feature of this process is that, as it does destroy the unwanted cells of the body where it is conducted, it only has side effects limited to that portion of the body. The treatment is done for the same purpose- the killing of the unwanted cells. Different parts of body cells respond differently to the treatments. At some areas the cells causing the tumor are destroyed rapidly, while in other parts the affects are not the same. Smaller tumors will have more positive affects, and not all tumors can be treated in this way. But this process also destroys the normal cells too. Radiation can be given to the body from outer as well as inner side.

The most prominent difference between the two therapies is the way of their treatment and the side effects are also different in both. In the Chemotherapy, chemicals are used to treat the cancer cells and in Radiotherapy, the radiations are used. The treatment through Chemotherapy involves the treatment of the whole body, and so the affects are not limited to just a single area of the body in the end, like the damage to the normal cells of the whole body. As for the Radiotherapy, the treatment is applied on a specific area and thus, the reactions are just limited to that part and it can also be applied externally. It is said that the radiotherapy is less painful than the other one. In the chemotherapy all the past and present details are counted before the treatment, in radiotherapy the process is a bit shorter one.

 

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Difference Between Chemo and Radiation ?

Chemo vs Radiation

Chemo and Radiation are two types of treatments for people suffering from cancer. Chemo is a treatment which is used on different stage of cancer disease. Chemo is used in medical sciences for treatment of solid tumors which effect different types of organs like bowel and breast etc. Chemo treatment is also used in assistance with other treatments such as radiation treatment. Chemo treatment is done for different purposes such as shrinking tumor for its easy removal. It can be given after surgery has been completed to ensure complete removal of cancer cells from an individual’s body. Chemo is used for shrinking effects of cancer tumor that have spread to different organs of the body. Chemo treatment is also carried out at time when radio treatment is carried out in order to speed up treatment process.

Radiation is another type of treatment for cancer which kills cells that are responsible for caner with the use of radiations. These radiations help in shrinking tumors and killing cancerous cells. Different types of radiations used for treatment are Gamma or X-Rays or charged particles. Radiation treatment is carried out with internal or external treatment procedure in which radiation is provided from outside the body or within the body respectively. 50 percent of patients of cancer in the world receive radiation treatment at some stage. Radiation treatment is used to shrink tumors which to avoid them from spreading in other parts of the body. Radiations are also given to tumors which are growing in some bone and are resulting in pain to the patient. This type of treatment is also involved when person’s ability to drink and eat is being affected.

Radiation and Chemo are two effective treatments that are performed to cure thousands of cases of cancer worldwide. These are also, at times, used to reduce the size of cancerous cells to allow patient to live longer in case complete treatment isn’t possible. These treatments seem similar in their effects but are different in a number of ways. Chemo treatment makes use of bloodstream to blow out the cells of caner. However, Chemo treatment can sometimes destroy other types of cells as they can not be focused on cancer cells only and can result in damaging other cells which are not cancerous. In Chemo, DNA of a cell is damaged causing it not to redevelop it. On the other hand, radiation can be focused on cancer cells only making it better treatment as compared to Chemo treatment. Radiation is used for removal of cancerous cells and for shrinking tumors. The Chemo type of treatment is used to treat lymphoma, mveloma, and leukemia as well as cancers in ovaries, lungs or breast. Therapy with radiations is focused on solid tumors only allowing them to be used in spine and skin treatment as well as for curing the cases of breast cancer. Chemotherapy involves use of medicines for cancer treatment. On the other hand radiations involve usage of radiation that can have effects on body at a later stage. Additional side effects can be seen such as inflammation through radiation while chemo treatment doesn’t have this effect.

 

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Difference Between Moles and Freckles ?

Moles vs Freckles

Nearly every individual on earth has some spots on his face, arms, legs, and the rest of the body. Moles and freckles are two of the common types of such spots and are found more frequently on fair skinned people than dark skinned people. These are the result of melanin, the substance responsible for giving skin its color. Our body contains cells called melanocyte that produce melanin, the pigment that is found in all human beings. Those having more melanin producing cells are dark skinned while those who have lesser of this pigment are fair skinned. Freckles and moles are spots/growths that are found on the skin where more of melanin is released by the body.

Freckles

Spots on the body especially face and arms that are more common in fair skinned people and those having red hair are called freckles. When there is an increase in the pigment called melanin on the basal layer of epidermis, freckles are seen on skin. What is interesting is that babies do not have these freckles but develop them on their bodies with constant exposure to sun. This is why freckles appear more on face (nose) and arms that are more exposed to sun than other parts of the body that remain covered by clothes. Freckles are benign in nature and pose no health hazard. As such there is no need to get them removed. Fair skinned people suffer from freckles more than dark skinned people and it is generally believed that heredity plays a role in deciding why some people are more prone to these spots than others.

Moles

Moles are growths found on skin that are a result of increased melanin by a cluster of melanocyte cells on the outer layer of epidermis. In sharp contrast to freckles, they are seen even in babies’ ands they become large and darker with age. Moles can vary in color from light brown to black and also in size. It is seen that moles become dark in shade because of exposure to sun. Moles are usually harmless and do not require surgical removal though some people desire to get rid of facial moles for cosmetic reasons. However, some moles are carcinogenic and may lead to cancer later on thus necessitating their removal. If you observe changes in your moles that pertain to their color, shape or size, it is better to consult a dermatologist. Sometimes moles may become painful. Even then you must consult your doctor.

In brief:

Moles vs Freckles

• Moles and freckles are common skin lesions

• Moles are growths and freckles are spots on skin that result from increased pigmentation through cells known as melanocyte.

• While freckles are not seen in babies, moles are by birth and develop later also.

• Freckles appear more on face and arms that are more exposed to sun

• Moles are found all over the body and grow prominent with age.

• Freckles are believed to be a result of genetics while moles are a result of cluster of melanocyte.

• While most of the freckles and moles are benign, some moles may be carcinogenic and require surgical removal.

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Difference Between Endogenous and Exogenous Antigens ?

Endogenous vs Exogenous Antigens

Any molecule or substance that reacts to a product of a specific immune response and stimulates antibody generation is considered as an antigen. The antibody generation by an antigen is called antigenicity of that particular molecule. Antigens can be either a protein or a polysaccharide. The antigen uptake, antigen processing, and antigen presentation are mediated by antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells. Depending on the immune activity, antigens can be classified as immunogens, tolerogens, or allergens. Antigens may also be classified according to their origin as exogenous or endogenous.

Exogenous Antigens

The vast majority of antigens are exogenous antigens. They are introduced into the body from outside via various infections agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminthes etc., or environmental substances such as dust mites, foodstuff, pollen etc. by inhalation, ingestion, or injection. APCs can actively intake exogenous antigens by endocytosis or phagocytosis and process into fragments in order to initiate the antigen- processing pathways. After initiating the pathway, the fragments are presented on the membrane together with MHC class II molecules and are recognized by TH cells.

Endogenous Antigens

Endogenous antigens are generated within the cells due to normal cell metabolisms or due to an intracellular bacterial or a viral infection. They can be found within the cytoplasm of APCs as self- cell proteins that are covalently linked to ubiquitin; hence they do not require active phagocytosis. When antigen- processing pathways are initiated, endogenous antigens are degraded and generated peptides by proteases. These peptides are then presented by making a complex with MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. Followed by the recognition, Tcyt cells begin to secrete compounds that cause lysis or apoptosis of infected cells. Some examples for endogenous antigens include self-antigens, tumor antigens, alloantigens, and some viral antigens where the viruses are able to integrate proviral DNA into the host’s genome.

What is the difference between Endogenous and Exogenous Antigens?

• Exogenous antigens are foreign compounds entered the body from outside, whereas exogenous antigens are the compounds that have been generated within the body.
• Exogenous antigens are actively taken up into antigen presenting cells, whereas endogenous antigens are already present within the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells.
• Active phagocytosis is required to take up exogenous antigens, unlike endogenous antigens.
• An endogenous antigen can be a tumor- or virus-derived product. In contrast, exogenous antigen can be a product of viruses or bacterial cells that are processed by antigen presenting cells.
• In antigen processing pathways, endogenous antigens are recognized in association of MHC class I, whereas exogenous antigens are recognized in association of MHC class II.
• Endogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules are recognized by Tcyt cells. In contrast, exogenous antigens presented on MHC class II molecules are recognized by TH cells.

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Difference Between Longitudinal and Transverse Section ?

Longitudinal vs Transverse Section

 

When the anatomical structures of animals and plants are studied, the longitudinal and transverse sections become extremely important. This importance is mainly due to the unveiling of the hidden tissues and organs through a longitudinal or transverse section. Usually, a live animal cannot be dissected longitudinally or transversely, yet the dead bodies could be studied with these kinds of sections that will be helpful to understand the living being of the same species.

Longitudinal Section

When a vertical section is cut along the longest axis of an animal or a plant, the longitudinal cut is made. However, it is sometimes defined as the longest section cut in the vertical plane of an animal or a plant. There may be more than one longitudinal section, and the main difference between those sections will be the distance from the lateral ends to the sectioning plane. When the longitudinal section is made through the line of symmetry, the resulted section is called as a sagittal section.

In anatomy, the longitudinal cut serves in many ways to understand the structures and their functions. The digestive and nervous systems of elongated animals (worms or snakes) can be easily understood only through a longitudinal section. The revealing of internal anatomical structures through longitudinal sections enables to make strong suggestions about the evolutionary history of modern species when those are compared with the fossil evidences. The longitudinal section is not limited to the entire body, but it could be used to refer the same dissection as described above for an organ, as well. However, such section of an organ would reveal the cellular and/or tissue level organization. The longitudinal section of a skeletal muscle will show the muscle fibres with their important regions, which makes it very easy to understand the mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation.

Transverse Section

Transverse section is a cut made in a plane that is made across the body of an animal, a plant, an organ, or a tissue. It is usually referred as the cut made between left and right. The transverse section usually runs between the lateral ends of an organism, from left to right or the other way around. A transverse section is right-angled with the longitudinal section. This section can be made through different levels or heights of an organ or a structure. Therefore, many transverse sections can be made to observe the anatomy of an organ. As an example, the scan results of a brain show the anatomical structure in different transverse sections, which is useful in locating any problem in the brain. When ultrasound wave scans are performed, the anatomical organization is studied at different levels, which means the anatomy of the scanned organ(s) could be studied through different transverse sections.

Usually, a transverse section would not reveal all the structures in an animal or a plant since organs are different tissues formed at different levels inside the organism. Therefore, few sections have to be made to understand the entire anatomy of an organism. The alimentary track of the animals is usually long in all the animals, and transverse sections at different levels of the track will reveal the anatomy and functions such as toothed mouths, oesophagus with mucus layers, secretory stomach, absorbing guts, etc.

What is the difference between Longitudinal and Transverse Section?

• Longitudinal section runs through the anterior posterior axis, whereas the transverse section goes between lateral ends.
• Longitudinal sections are usually longer than transverse sections.
• Usually, the number of possible transverse sections is higher than the number of possible longitudinal sections to be made through an organ or organism.
• Longitudinal section is right-angled to the transverse section

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Difference Between Broiling and Baking ?

Broiling vs Baking

Though, baking is a more popular option of preparing healthy food in an oven, broiling is another cooking method that utilizes dry heat without making use of a liquid medium such as oil full of fat. There are many similarities between these two cooking methods, though there are glaring differences that will be highlighted in this article.

The first and foremost difference in these two cooking methods that rely on dry heat pertains to the way this heat is utilized. While heat energy is provided to food item by surrounding it with hot air in case of baking, infrared radiation is the process that takes place in case of broiling to cook the food. Those who know about these two heat carrying processes know that infrared radiation has the capacity to char food items in close vicinity (this is good for meat items). On the other hand, heat in baking does not char the food, which is why it is better cooking method for cakes and breads that just need a little bit of browning.

So if you are baking biscuits or cakes, the idea is to provide dry, intense heat to the dough so that it sets and acquires a structure. When using baking settings of an oven, you are in a sense providing a temperature of around 350 degrees Fahrenheit with no or very little air movement inside the oven.

On the other hand, when you need to grill your steak but do not have a grill, you can use your oven on a broil setting that makes use of infrared radiation in such a way that you get a charred steak full of juices and flavors in a short time period. The broil setting in your oven turns on the top burners only while the meat resides just below these burners. Thus it is top down heat that cooks the meat from the top side. Once cooked from top, you need to change the position of the meat to cook it from other sides as well. It takes 2-3 minutes per side to cook this way and hence your steak should be ready within 10 minutes if you are adept at broiling in an oven. One must leave the door of the oven ajar while broiling is taking place.

In brief:

Difference Between Broiling and Baking

• Both baking and broiling provide dry heat to the food being cooked,

• In baking, the heat is constant and without any movement of air; broiling provides heat as infrared radiation

• Broiling has capacity to char food items in close vicinity, which is why it is ideal for steaks, while baking does not char and only brown items, which is why it is ideal for cakes and biscuits

• Baking provides hot air from all sides, while in broiling, heat comes from the top only.

 

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Difference Between Evaporation and Boiling ?

Evaporation vs Boiling

Evaporation and Boiling are two processes that are looked upon often without difference. Strictly speaking there is difference between the two processes. Evaporation occurs on the surface of the liquid whereas boiling occurs in the liquid in its entirety. This is the main difference between evaporation and boiling.
There is difference between the two states in terms of the time taken too. Boiling takes place very quickly and swiftly too. On the other hand evaporation takes place slowly and gradually. This is a very important difference between the two processes.
In short it can be said that evaporation is a gradual vaporization of a liquid on the surface whereas boiling is a rapid vaporization of a liquid only when it is heated to its boiling point. It is interesting to note that the boiling point is reduced when the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere is reduced.
There are various factors influencing the rate of evaporation. These factors include concentration of other substances in the air, concentration of the substance evaporating in the air, flow rate of air, inter-molecular forces, pressure, surface area, temperature of the substance and density.
On the other hand there are three kinds of boiling called nucleate boiling, transition boiling and film boiling. While evaporation is not characterized by advantages, boiling is certainly characterized by many advantages including safety, digestibility, nutritious cooking and the like. One of the prime disadvantages of boiling is that soluble vitamins present in the foods may be lost to water during the process of boiling.
One of the differences that are clearly visible in the two processes is that you would find the formation of bubbles in boiling. On the other hand you do not find bubbles in evaporation. Another important difference between evaporation and boiling is that evaporation is the process that occurs at any given temperature. On the contrary boiling is the process that occurs only at the specific temperature called the boiling point.
You would find that the particles move very rapidly in the process of boiling than in the process of evaporation. Some particles move fast and some move slowly in evaporation.

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Difference Between Frying and Deep Frying ?

Frying vs Deep Frying

Frying is a method of cooking that makes use of the heat of a cooking medium to prepare the food item. This is different from boiling, baking, and grilling as it allows the food items to be cooked to absorb the fats from the cooking oil. There are two ways to fry a food item. One can either pan fry the food item or deep fry the food. There are obvious differences between frying and deep frying though there are also health reasons that dictate the choice of cooking between frying and deep frying. This article attempts to highlight these differences.

Frying

Frying or shallow frying is also called pan frying. This is a kind of frying that makes use of small quantities of oil that is just sufficient to cook the food. The food item is not submerged in the oil, and it remains below the bottom surface of the item. One needs to keep stirring to regulate the oil as it is in small quantity during pan frying. The food item remains exposed to air from the top and sides, and the temperature remains around 350 degrees Fahrenheit.

Deep Frying

Deep frying is a technique where the food item to be cooked is submerged in oil, and it makes use of heavy quantities of oil. French fries and potato chips that are loved by people of all ages around the world are the best examples of deep frying. The food item is not exposed to air and thus it cooks much faster than is the case with shallow frying. The temperatures that are reached with deep frying are around 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Meats or vegetables that are deep fried soak in lots of fats from the cooking oil and thus it makes sense to drain as much of oil as possible before consuming. Food items cooked through deep frying are crisp from outside but retain their juices from inside.

Frying vs Deep Frying

• Both frying and deep frying require the heat of the oil to cook food, but the main difference lies in the amounts of oil used. Frying or pan frying uses very small quantities of oil, whereas deep frying requires the food item to be submerged under hot oil.
• Frying gives food item exposure to air thus taking longer to cook whereas, in deep frying, there is no exposure to air thereby cooking faster.
• All food items that can be deep fried can also be cooked by pan frying.
• There is higher absorption of fats by the food item that is cooked through deep frying than when it is just fried.
• Deep frying cooks foods faster than shallow frying.

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Difference Between Fruit Juice and Fruit Nectar ?

Fruit Juice vs Fruit Nectar

Ask an average person the difference between a fruit juice and fruit nectar and chances are that you would draw a blank. A vast majority of people choose a fruit drink with eyes closed. They think they are getting all the health benefits of the fruit that is mentioned on the label. They in fact think they are drinking fresh fruit pulp and so consuming something very healthy. However, there are differences between fruit juice and fruit nectar that will be highlighted in this article.

We all know that fruit juice is the fresh juice extracted from the pulp of fruits and we expect to get just that when we buy a bottle of cold drink labeled as a fruit drink. Those who have some knowledge of botany know that nectar is a sweet liquid secreted by flowers that attract pollinating insects. But in beverage industry, nectar has come to mean a type of non-carbonated soft drink made with fresh juice. It is differentiated with any drink that has been labeled as fruit juice by the industry as it is not 100% fruit juice, and can and does contain many other ingredients including water, sweeteners, and preservatives. There are no industry standards and so you can have a fruit nectar having fruit juice from anywhere in the range of 0-100%. Fruit juice on the other hand is a natural drink prepared by crushing the pulp of a fresh fruit. It contains no preservatives and flavors.

It is important to note that fruit juice is freshly squeezed from fruit pulp and is treated against deteriorated and spoilage, or processed into a concentrate where water is extracted from the juice. Fruit nectar is a fruit juice that contains a lower percentage of juice than pure fruit juice. When two or more fruit juices are mixed, the drink is called a nectar blend.

Now that you have the information, make sure to have a look at the ingredients in a bottle before you buy a drink claiming to be fruit juice.

In brief:

• Fruit drinks in the market look all alike and people find it hard to differentiate between fruit juice and fruit nectar.

• While a fruit juice contains 100% fresh fruit juice that has been processed after extracting water from it, nectar is a drink that contains lesser percentage of fruit juice and has other ingredients such as preservatives and sugar.

 

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Difference Between Hydroponics and Aquaponics ?

Hydroponics vs Aquaponics
 

As the words hydroponics and aquaponics have a similar meaning, there is always a doubt whether there is any difference between the two or are they the same. In fact, there is some difference between hydroponics and aquaponics, which are techniques used to cultivate plants in the modern world. Aquaponics is a method that uses basic hydroponic techniques to grow plants. The basic difference between hydroponics and aquaponics is the type of water used in the system; i.e. aquaponics use fish raised water instead of the nutrient solutions used in hydroponic systems.

What is Hydroponics?

Hydroponics is a technique of growing plants in nutrient solutions that contain water and fertilizers with or without using an artificial medium such as sand, gravel, coir etc. Since hydroponically grown plants are not embedded in a soil medium, they absorb required nutrients from the provided nutrient solution given. Artificial medium provide mechanical support, aid moisture and retain nutrients.

There are six basic types of hydroponics systems depending on the nutrient supplying method. They are as follows:

• Wick system

• Water culture system

• Ebb and flow (flood and drain) system

• Drip systems (recovery/ non- recovery)

• Nutrient film technique (NFT)

• Aeroponic system

Except for NFT and the aeroponic system all the other systems use growing substrates such as coarse sand, sawdust, perlite, vermiculite, Rockwool, expanded clay pellets, coir (coconut fibers).

Nutrient film technique (NFT)

In wick system, nutrient solution is drawn into the growing medium from a reservoir with a wick. In water culture system, a platform made of Styrofoam holds the plant and floats on a nutrient solution containing reservoir. In the ebb and flow method, first plant holding tray/platform is temporarily flooded with the nutrient solution and then solution is drained off to the reservoir. This is performed using a submerged pump connected to a timer. In drip systems, nutrient solution is dripped onto the base of each plant with the help of a pump and a timer. In NFT, continuous flow of nutrient solution is supplied into the plant containing platform so that solution flows over the roots continuously. In aeroponics, roots are kept inside a moist containing chamber that provides mist of nutrient solution directly to root system.

What is Aquaponics?

Aquaponics also can be considered as a hydroponic system. However, in aquaponics fish raised water is used as the nutrient solution for the plants. In this method, water in aquaculture tanks (fish tanks)are pumped to plants containing reservoirs. These reservoirs contain bacteria that can convert ammonia and nitrate in the fish water to nitrate. Plants take up this nutrient rich water and filtered clean water is again returned to the fish tanks.

Fish types that are used for this type of system includes: aquarium fish (goldfish Guppies, koe' tetra, etc.), Tilapia (commonly used), trout crap Freshwater Prawns, etc.

Bacteria used to convert chemicals include; Nitrosomonassp. and Nitrobactersp.

Some of the crops that can be grown using this method involves the following: Vegetable crops such as lettuce, beans, spinach, cucumber, etc., herbs such as, basil, thyme, lemongrass, parsley, etc. Fruits such as strawberries, watermelon, tomatoes and most garden varieties of flowering plants.

Filtered water from the hydroponics system drains into a catfish tank for re-circulation

Aquaponics can be considered as more sustainable ecosystem that facilitates symbiotic relationship between fish and plants. That is plants can take up water that is purified by bacteria for their growth while acting as natural filter to fish.

What is the difference between Hydroponics and Aquaponics?

• Both systems use nutrient containing solutions of water as the growing medium.
• In hydroponics, fertilizers and other nutrients should be added to water to prepare a nutrient solution. However, in aquaponics fish raised water is used as nutrient solution.
• Therefore, hydroponics is more expensive compared to aquaponics.
• In hydroponics, no bacteria is involved. In aquaponics, bacteria is used to convert the chemicals in fish water to nitrates.
• In hydroponics system, water cannot be recycled however in aquaponic system water can be recycled to fish tank to plants to again fish tanks.

Therefore, it can be concluded that Aquaponics is a method that has derived from hydroponics and it is an inexpensive and efficient method to obtain nutrient solution. Also, it is an eco- friendly method to grow plants and aquaculture.

 

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Difference Between Melanin and Melatonin ?

Melanin vs Melatonin

 

Melanin and melatonin are two chemically related substances, but with many different characteristic features. Their origin, function, chemical composition and location in the human body vary widely, and which will be discussed here in detail.

What is Melanin?

Melanin is one of the major pigments found in human skin, which determines the skin color. It is synthesized by melanocytes, which are located in the skin, eye, ear, hair, and CNS of the human body. In addition of providing color, melanin has some other functions, as well. The most important function is the protection of skin from solar UV radiation, which causes skin cancer  to humans. Melanin shields the cell’s nuclei, thus prevents DNA damage due to radiation. In addition, it is also involved in hearing.

Human melanin basically contains two polymers (a) eumelanin, which is dark brown/black and is produced in eumelanosomes, and (b) pheomelanin, which is red/yellow and is produced in pheomelanosomes. Usually, the final color of an individual’s skin depends on the type and amount of melanin produced and the shape, size, and, distribution of the melanosomes in the skin.

What is Melatonin?

Melatonin is a neurotransmitter, which is mainly derived from the cells in the gastrointestinal tract, the retina, and the pineal gland. Melatonin is responsible for maintaining sleep wake cycles, biological rhythms, and the modulation and inhibition of melanin synthesis. In addition, melatonin can repair the cells, which have been damaged by stress and disease, and stop the secretion of MSH and ACTH hormones. Also being an antioxidant, melatonin can destroy microorganisms, and thus it is referred to as disease-fighting hormone.

Melatonin is one of the most complex molecules found in the brain liver intestine, blood, and muscles. Melatonin is synthesized from Tryptophan, and the synthesis and secretion of melatonin are stimulated by catecholamines.

What is the difference between Melanin and Melatonin?

• Melanin is a pigment produced by tyrosine, whereas melatonin is a neurotransmitter produced by tryptophan.
• The main functions of melatonin are the modulation of the synthesis of melanin, maintaining the sleep wake cycle and biological rhythms in the body, whereas that of melanin are providing skin color, photo-protection, and involving in hearing.
• Melanin is synthesized in melanosomes, which are found in melanocytes, while melatonin is synthesized in the cells of the gastrointestinal tract, retina, and pineal gland.
• Melanin can be found in skin, eye, ear, hair, and central nervous system, whereas melatonin can be found in brain, liver, intestines, blood and muscles.

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Difference Between Juice and Syrup ?

Juice vs Syrup

Juice and Syrup are two words that are used as interchangeable ones. Strictly speaking there is some difference between juice and syrup. Juice is in fact the liquid part of vegetables or fruits. In other words it can be said that the juice of a fruit is formed out of the pulp. The pulp when crushed gives rise to juice.

The word ‘juice’ is derived from the Latin word ‘jus’. Syrup on the other hand is a sweet sauce made by dissolving sugar in boiling water, often used for preserving fruit. One of the main differences between juice and syrup is that syrup makes use of sugar in its preparation whereas juice is natural pulp in liquid form.

Juice is constituted by sugars innate in the fruit whereas syrup is constituted by added sugars or sweeteners. Another important difference between juice and syrup is that juice is taken directly from the fruit whereas syrup is a liquid form of preserved fruit.

In short it can be said that syrup is a processed form of fruit. On the other hand juice is not a processed form. Processed forms of syrup last long whereas natural juices do not last long. They are in fact perishable like the fruit. Hence they have to be consumed in a short period of time from the date or preparation. On the other hand syrups do have expiry dates.

Fruit contains the natural ingredients and the nutrients in their original forms. On the other hand syrup does not contain nutrients in their purest forms. Since they are processed the chances of the nutrients getting completely destroyed in the product are more.

Juices do not contain preservatives whereas syrups do contain preservatives. This is because of the fact that preservatives contain concentrates of the fruits.

 

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Difference Between Poaching and Boiling ?

Poaching vs Boiling  

Poaching and boiling are very similar methods of cooking food items that require providing wet heat to the item to be cooked. Mostly water is the medium of heat, but poaching and boiling can also be done in milk or wine. Despite similarities, there are subtle differences of temperature and time taken to cook that differentiates poaching and cooking. This article takes a closer look at the two cooking methods.

Poaching

Poaching is a method of cooking that requires food item to be kept in hot water or another liquid till that cooks. The temperature of the hot water is kept below boiling point, and the food item is either totally submerged or partly submerged in water. The liquid is either plain or flavored such as a syrup or a soup. The liquid remains still unlike in boiling where lots of bubbles come out all the time. Once the food has been poached, the liquid is quickly cooled by immersing the pan in cold water as keeping the cooked food in warm water for a long time can make the food go stale or bad. There is both shallow poaching and deep poaching of food items. Deep poaching is when eggs are totally submerged in hot water for some time while shallow poaching is when fish or chicken is kept partly submerged in hot water for cooking. Poached eggs are perhaps the best example of healthy cooking as you do not need oil or butter to prepare eggs.

Boiling

Boiling is a wet cooking method that requires the temperature of water to be brought to boiling point and let the food cook with the heat of this agitated and turbulent water. Many foods are cooked by boiling but the easiest and by far the most popular of food items that are eaten after boiling are boiled eggs. Talking about boiling in water, the temperature is required to be brought up to 212 degree Fahrenheit. Once water has been heated to this temperature, it continues to remain at this temperature no matter how long you keep on heating it. It can only become steam further, but it will not become hotter than 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Boiling is typically reserved for cooking food items that are not very delicate.

What is the difference between Poaching and Boiling?

• Boiling and poaching are two cooking methods that make use of moist heat.
• Food item is kept submerged under hot water in both poaching and boiling, and the only difference is that of temperature of water.
• Boiling takes place at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, whereas for poaching the temperature is kept at around 160 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Poaching is suitable for delicate food items such as fish, eggs, and even chicken.

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Difference Between Juicer and Juice Extractor ?

Juicer vs Juice Extractor  

Millions of people around the world like to start their day with fresh extract or juice of fruits and vegetables rather than coffee or tea. Such people require keeping a juicer or a juice extractor at home if they wish to consume fresh juice though there are plenty of shops selling fresh juices of citrus fruits and vegetables in every city around the world. There are two different words used for appliances that are there in the market to obtain juices from fruits and vegetables namely juicers and extractors. Many people think the two appliances are the same, but there are differences between a juicer and a juice extractor that will be talked about in this article.

Juice Extractor

Juice extractor is a device that is used to obtain juice from citrus fruits and vegetables in such a manner that the pulp, the seeds, and the skin is separated, and the user gets only pure juice of the fruit or vegetable. Electrically operated juice extractor has blades to cut pieces of fruits, and then rotate or spin at a high speed to separate seeds and skin from the juice that is collected in a container. These are also called centrifugal juicers because of their spinning effect that separates juice from seeds.

In particular, machines or appliances that equipped to handle seeds and pulp in such a fashion that the user gets pure juice only are referred to as juice extractors.

Juicer

A juicer is a machine that is used to obtain juice from mostly citrus fruits. It can be masticating or centrifugal in nature. A masticating juicer chews on vegetables and fruits in such a manner that it leaves behind fresh juice. Centrifugal juicer cuts pieces and then spins to separate juice from pulp and seeds.

Juicer vs Juice Extractor

There are many who feel that a juicer is what produces juices of vegetables and fruits and that calling it juicer or juice extractor does not make any difference. It is a question of just semantics. However, there are people who say that a simple juicer would not differentiate between pulp, skin seeds, and juice and pulverize the whole fruit to produce the juice. A juice extractor cuts pieces and then spins in a fast manner so as to separate juice from seeds, skin, and pulp. This is also the reason why a juice extractor is more expensive than a simple citrus juicer. It also has a higher number of features than a simple juicer.

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Difference Between Water and Vinegar ?

Water vs Vinegar

 Water and vinegar are two liquids that are very different. Aside from their physical properties, their chemical make-up is also very different. Without a doubt, water and vinegar are very useful, but their uses are different. Just how different?

Water

Water is an abundant resource on Earth, covering about 71% of the Earth’s surface. It is an important resource to man, as man cannot live without clean drinking water. Water is also considered as a universal solvent and this property is being used in various chemical processes in many industries. Water is also the only compound to exist in all three states of matter; solid, liquid and gas.

Vinegar

Vinegar is an acidic liquid made from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that produces its key ingredient: acetic acid. Vinegar is actually part water and part acetic acid. Vinegar has been around a long time, its roots could be traced back to ancient Egypt. It is used mostly for culinary purposes, although it has medicinal and cleaning properties as well.

Difference between water and vinegar

Water and vinegar are very common and very useful liquids. Both are useful in cooking, but water has more uses and are used almost every day in our lives. Water, however, is odorless and tasteless while vinegar has a strong odor and is mostly sour. Water is also generally pH balanced while vinegar is acidic. While water can exist in three states of matter, vinegar is only liquid. It does, however, have different kinds: table vinegar, cane vinegar and balsamic vinegar, to name a few. Also, water has this abnormal characteristic that it becomes less dense in solid form, allowing it to float.
Water has always been an important part of our daily lives, and is important for our survival. Even vinegar has its importance, not only does it helps in our cooking; it also has other uses like in first aid or in cleaning.

In brief:

• Water is a naturally abundant compound, covering 71% of the Earth’s surface. It is important for man’s survival. It is considered as a universal solvent and is used in various processes.
• Vinegar is a mix of acetic acid and water. Its primary use is in cooking, but it can also be used in cleaning and as first aid in some cases.



  

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Difference Between Canola and Vegetable Oil ?

Canola vs Vegetable Oil

It really is a tough choice for a housewife these days to go and select between a multitudes of choices when it comes to cooking oils. She has to be aware of both the health benefits as well as dangers of cooking food for the family in given oil for long periods of time. Vegetable oil is a generic name that can contain oils from various plant based sources. On the other hand, canola oil is oil that comes specifically from canola plant. There are many similarities in between these two oils; so much so that, many vegetable oils contain a high percentage of canola oil. However there are some differences that will be highlighted in this article.

Canola is a short from of Canadian oil having low acid. It is made from cultivar of rapeseed that has been selectively bred to reduce levels of erucic acid to make it fit for human consumption. On the other hand, vegetable oils can be blends of different kinds of oils, though most of the vegetable oils are soybean oil. Some of the vegetable oils available in the market contain two or more types of oils that can be canola oil mixed with some other vegetable oil.

If one looks closely, soybean is not a vegetable but a legume, yet all cooking oils having soybean oil are termed as vegetable oils. When it comes to choosing the healthiest oil for cooking, it is good to have a look at the smoke point of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil is healthy oil, but it doesn’t do well in high heat, which is why it is not preferred as cooking oil. Though, canola oil manufacturers claim many health benefits, it is still genetically modified, which is not liked by many. Canola oil is a vegetable oil after all, coming from canola plant. Vegetable oils are labeled as soybean oils and contain corn, olive and sunflower oil.

Taking of differences, canola oils contain less of saturated fats than vegetable oils which is deemed good as doctors recommend consuming less of saturated fats in our daily diets. Also, canola oil contains more of omega 3 and Omega 6 acids than vegetable oils, which are essential fatty acids for our bodies. Even monounsaturated fats in canola oil are higher than in vegetable oils. These monounsaturated fats are considered to be important in lowering cholesterol levels in human beings. So if the doctor recommends, or you yourself wish to switch to canola oil, it is better to pick a can that specifically states canola oil rather than buying a vegetable oil having canola oil as one of the ingredients.

What is the difference between Canola and Vegetable Oil?

• Vegetable oil can be any blend of different plant based oils, even containing canola oil.

• Canola oil is Canadian Oil, Low Acid. It comes from canola plant.

• Both are used as cooking oils and are good for health, though canola is considered slightly better than other vegetable oils because of omega 3 and Omega 6 essential fats in it.

• Canola also contains higher amounts of monounsaturated fats, which is considered good for lowering cholesterol levels.

 

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